Manobo languages

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Subgroup of the Austronesian language family

Manobo

Geographic
distribution

central Mindanao

Linguistic classification

Austronesian

Malayo-Polynesian

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Manobo

Subdivisions

Central

North

West

ISO 639-2 / 5

mno

Glottolog

mano1276

Geographic extent of Manobo languages based on Ethnologue maps

The Manobo languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Their speakers are primarily located around Northern Mindanao, Central Mindanao (presently called Soccsksargen) and Caraga regions where they are natively spoken. Some outlying groups make Manobo geographically discontiguous as other speakers can be located as far as the southern peninsula of Davao Oriental, most of Davao Occidental and coastal areas of Sultan Kudarat. The Kagayanen speakers are the most extremely remote and can be found in certain portions of Palawan.

Contents

1 Languages

2 Classification

3 Reconstruction

4 See also

5 References

Languages[edit]

Central

East: Dibabawon, Rajah Kabunsuwan, Agusan

South: Ata, Matigsalug (Tigwa); Obo

West: Western Bukidnon, Ilianen

North: Binukid, Kagayanen, Higaonon, Kinamigin

South: Tagabawa, Sarangani, Cotabato

Classification[edit]

Elkins (1974:637) classifies the Manobo languages as follows.

Manobo

Northern

Cagayano (of Cagayancillo Island)

Kinamigin (of Camiguin Island), Binukid (of central Mindanao)

(core branch)

Southern

Tagabawa

Sarangani Manobo

Tasaday, Cotabato Manobo

East-West-Central

Western

Obo

Ilianen Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo, Livunganen (a dialect spoken in Libungan, north of Midsayap, Cotabato)

East-Central

Eastern

Agusan Manobo

Dibabawon Manobo

Central

Ata of Davao

Matig Salug, Tigwa Manobo

Reconstruction[edit]

Proto-Manobo

Reconstruction of

Manobo languages

Reconstructed
ancestors

Proto-Austronesian

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Philippine

Elkins (1974) includes a reconstruction of Proto-Manobo, along with 197 reconstructed etyma.

The Proto-Manobo phonemes are (Elkins 1974:616):

Consonants

*p

*t

*k

*ʔ

*b

*d

*g

*m

*n

*ŋ

*l

*r

*s

*h

*w

*y

Vowels

*i

*u

*e

*a

See also[edit]

Lumad people

References[edit]

Elkins, Richard E. (1974). "A Proto-Manobo Word List". Oceanic Linguistics. 13 (1/2): 601–641. doi:10.2307/3622754.

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Ata Manobo

Butuanon

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Ilocos Region

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Metro Manila

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Calamian Tagbanwa

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Cuyonon

Hanunoo

Iraya

Kagayanen

Molbog

Onhan

Palawano

Ratagnon

Romblomanon

Tadyawan

Tawbuid

Northern Mindanao

Bukid

Higaonon

Ilianen

Iranun

Kamigin

Matigsalug

Subanen

Western Bukidnon

Soccsksargen

Blaan

Cotabato Manobo

Ilianen

Iranun

Obo

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Ata

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Old Tagalog

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Philippine languages

Batanic (Bashiic)

Itbayat

Ivatan

Yami

Northern Luzon

Arta

Dicamay Agta †

Ilocano

Cagayan Valley

Atta

Cagayan Agta

Ga'dang

Gaddang

Ibanag

Isnag

Itawis

Yogad

Meso-Cordilleran

Northern Alta

Southern Alta

Central Cordilleran

Balangao

Bontoc

Ifugao

Isinai

Itneg

Kalinga

Kankanaey

Tuwali ?

Southern Cordilleran

Bugkalot

Ibaloi

Iwaak

Kalanguya

Karao

Pangasinan

Central Luzon

Kapampangan

Remontado Agta (Sinauna)

Sambalic

Abellen

Ambala

Mag-antsi

Bolinao

Botolan

Mag-indi

Mariveleño

Sambal

Northern Mindoro

Alangan

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Tadyawan

Greater Central
Philippine

Southern Mindoro

Buhid

Hanuno'o

Tawbuid

Central Philippine

Tagalogic

Kasiguranin

Tagalog

Bikol

Albay Bikol

Central Bikol

Isarog Agta

Mount Iraya Agta

Mount Iriga Agta

Pandan Bikol

Rinconada

Bisayan

Aklanon

Bantayanon

Asi

Baybay

Boholano ?

Butuanon

Caluyanon

Capiznon

Cebuano

Cuyonon

Hiligaynon

Kabalian

Karay-a

Karolanos

Magahat

Masbateño

Northern Sorsogon

Onhan

Porohanon

Ratagnon

Romblomanon

Southern Sorsogon

Sulod

Surigaonon

Tausug

Waray

Mansakan

Davawenyo

Kalagan

Kamayo

Mamanwa

Mandaya

Mansaka

(unclassified)

Ata †

Palawanic

Aborlan Tagbanwa

Batak

Central Tagbanwa

Palawano

Taaw't Bato

Subanen

Western Subanon

Danao

Iranun

Maguindanao

Maranao

Manobo

Agusan

Ata Manobo

Binukid

Cotabato Manobo

Higaonon

Ilianen

Kagayanen

Kamigin

Matigsalug

Obo

Sarangani

Tagabawa

Western Bukidnon

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Bintauna

Bolango

Buol

Gorontalo

Kaidipang

Lolak

Mongondow

Ponosakan

Suwawa

Kalamian

Agutaynen

Calamian Tagbanwa

Bilic

B'laan

T'boli

Tiruray

Sangiric

Bantik

Ratahan

Sangirese

Talaud

Minahasan

Tombulu

Tondano

Tonsawang

Tonsea

Tontemboan

Other branches

Ati

Klata

Umiray Dumaget

Manide–Inagta

Inagta Alabat

Manide

† indicates extinct status

? indicates classification dispute

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Austronesian languages

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Northern Formosan

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Northwest
Formosan

Saisiyat

Pazeh †

Kulon †

Thao

Babuza

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East Formosan

Kavalanic

Ketagalan †

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Southern

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Malayo-Polynesian

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Philippine

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Northern Luzon

Ilokano

Pangasinan

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Cagayan Aeta

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Northern Alta

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Ifugao

Tuwali ?

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Bontok-Finallig

Kankanaey

Ilongot

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Iwaak

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Karao

Dicamay Agta †

Central Luzon

Kapampangan

Abellen

Ambala

Bolinao

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Mag-antsi

Mag-indi

Mariveleño

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Remontado Agta (Sinauna)

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Alangan

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Greater
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Southern Mindoro

Buhid

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Central
Philippine

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Bisayan

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Kinaray-a

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Asi

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Boholano

Butuanon

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Kinabalian

Onhan

Porohanon

Ratagnon

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Surigaonon

Masbatenyo

Southern Sorsogon (Gubat)

Central Sorsogon (Masbate)

Bikol

Central Bikol

Albay Bikol

Isarog Agta

Mount Iraya Agta

Mount Iriga Agta

Pandan Bikol

Rinconada

Unclassified

Sulod

Mansakan

Davawenyo

Kalagan

Kamayo

Mamanwa

Mandaya

Mansaka

Palawan

Aborlan Tagbanwa

Palawan Batak

Palawano

Mindanao

Maguindanao

Maranao

Agusan

Ata Manobo

Binukid

Cotabato Manobo

Higaonon

Ilianen

Iranun

Kagayanen

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Matigsalug

Obo

Sarangani

Subanen

Tagabawa

Western Bukidnon

Gorontalo-
Mongondow

Bolango

Buol

Bintauna

Gorontalo

Kaidipang

Lolak

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Mongondow

Ponosakan

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Agutaynen

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Bilic

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Giangan

T'boli

Tiruray

Sangiric

Sangirese

Talaud

Bantik

Ratahan

Minahasan

Tonsawang

Tontemboan

Tombulu

Tondano

Tonsea

Manide-Inagta

Inagta Alabat

Manide

Ati

Ati

Unclassified

Umiray Dumaget

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North Bornean

Sabahan

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Bonggi

Brunei Bisaya

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Lotud

Dumpas

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Eastern Kadazan

Gana'

Kota Marudu Talantang

Kinamaragang (Momogun)

Klias River Kadazan

Coastal Kadazan

Yakan

Tombonuwo

Kinabatangan

Sungai

Keningau Murut

Okolod

Tagol

Paluan

Selungai Murut

Timugon

Bookan

Abai

Papar

Kalabakan

Sembakung

Serudung

Nonukan Tidong

Unclassified

Molbog

North Sarawakan

Kenyah (Bakung)

Sebob

Tutoh

Uma' Lasan

Wahau Kenyah

Penan ?

Kelabit

Lengilu

Lundayeh

Sa'ban

Tring

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Kajaman

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Sian

Ukit

Basap

Burusu

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Sajau

Punan Merap

Bukat

Seru †

Lelak †

Kayan-Murik

Kayan

Bahau

Modang

Segai

Hovongan

Aoheng

Aput

Punan

Krio Dayak

Murik

Land Dayak

Bekati'

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Lara'

Bukar Sadong

Rejang

Biatah

Tringgus

Jagoi

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Semandang

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Benyadu'

Sanggau

Barito

Malagasy

Bushi

Deyah

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Witu

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Paku

Lawangan

Kohin

Dihoi

Siang

Bakumpai

Ngaju

Ampanang

Tunjung

Sama-Bajaw

Abaknon

Bajaw

Mapun

Pangutaran Sama

Sama

West Coast Bajau

Yakan

Moklenic

Moken

Moklen

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Acehnese

Cham dialects

Chru

Haroi

Jarai

Rade

Roglai

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Malayic

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Banjar

Brunei/Kedayan Malay

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Bengkulu

Col

Duano'

Haji

Iban

Jambi Malay

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Kedah Malay

Kutai Malay

Kaur

Kerinci

Kelantan-Pattani Malay (Yawi)

Kendayan

Keninjal

Kubu

Orang Laut

Lubu

Johore-Riau Malay (Malaysian & Indonesian)

Minangkabau

Musi

Mualang

Negeri Sembilan Malay

Orang Kanaq

Orang Seletar

Pahang Malay

Pekal

Perak Malay

Pontianak Malay

Remun

Sarawak Malay

Seberuang

Sebuyau

Temuan

Terengganu Malay

Urak Lawoi'

Northwest Sumatra–
Barrier Islands

Enggano

Gayo

Mentawai

Nias

Sikule

Simeulue

Batak

Alas

Angkola

Dairi

Karo

Simalungun

Toba

Mandailing

Lampungic

Lampung Nyo

Lampung Api

Komering

Sundanese

Baduy

Sundanese

Javanese

Banyumasan

Kawi (Old Javanese)

Osing

Tenggerese

Madurese

Kangean

Madurese

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese

Sasak

Sumbawa

Celebic

Bungku–Tolaki

Bahonsuai

Bungku

Kodeoha

Kulisusu

Moronene

Mori Bawah

Mori Atas

Padoe

Rahambuu

Tolaki

Tomadino

Waru

Wawonii

Kaili–Pamona

Bada

Behoa

Kaili

Mbelala

Moma

Napu

Pamona

Rampi

Sarudu

Sedoa

Topoiyo

Uma

Muna–Buton

Bonerate

Busoa

Cia-Cia

Kaimbulawa

Kumbewaha

Lasalimu

Liabuku

Muna

Pancana

Tukang Besi

Saluan–Banggai

Andio

Balantak

Banggai

Batui

Bobongko

Saluan

Tomini–Tolitoli

Balaesang

Boano

Dampelas

Dondo

Lauje

Pendau

Taje

Tajio

Tomini

Totoli

Wotu–Wolio

Kalao

Kamaru

Laiyolo

Wolio

Wotu

South Sulawesi

Aralle-Tabulahan

Bambam

Bentong

Budong-Budong

Buginese

Campalagian

Coastal Konjo

Dakka

Duri

Embaloh

Enrekang

Highland Konjo

Kalumpang

Lawa

Lemolang

Maiwa (Sulawesi)

Makassarese

Malimpung

Mamasa

Mamuju

Mandar

Panasuan

Pannei

Selayar

Seko Padang

Seko Tengah

Tae'

Talondo'

Taman

Toraja-Sa'dan

Ulumanda'

Branch-level isolates

Chamorro

Palauan

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Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

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Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Bima

Sumba-Manggarai

Sumba–Hawu

Hawu

Dhao

Kambera

Mamboru

Anakalangu

Wanukaka

Pondok

Baliledo

Wejewa

Lamboya

Kodi

Gaura

Western Flores

Komodo

Manggarai

Riung

Rembong

Rajong

Kepo'

Wae Rana

Palu'e

Ende

Lio

Nage

Ke'o

Ngad'a

Rongga

So'a

Flores-Lembata

Kedang

Sika-Lamaholot

Sika

Lamaholotic

Lamatuka

Lewo Eleng

Levuka

South Lembata

Lamaholot

Alorese

Lamalera

Lewotobi

Adonara

Ile Ape

Mingar

Selaru

Selaru

Seluwasan

Kei-Tanimbar

Kei

Fordata

Yamdena

Onin

Sekar

Uruangnirin

Aru

Barakai

Batuley

Dobel

Karey

Koba

Kola

Lola

Lorang

Manombai

Mariri

Tarangan

Ujir

Timor-Babar

Timoric ?

Kemak

Tukudede

Mambai

Idalaka

Dawan

Amarasi

Helong

Bilba

Dengka

Lole

Ringgou

Dela-Oenale

Termanu

Tii

Tetum

Bekais

Wetar

Galoli

Naueti

Kairui

Waimoa

Midiki

Makuva

Kisar

Romang

Leti

Luang

East Damar

Teun

Nila

Serua

Babar

West Damar

Dawera-Daweloor

North Babar

Dai

Masela

Serili

Southeast Babar

Emplawas

Imroing

Tela'a

Kowiai

Kowiai

Central Maluku ?

Teor-Kur

West Central Maluku

Ambelau

Buru

Lisela

Hukumina †

Moksela †

Sula

Mangole

Taliabo

East Central Maluku

Banda

Bati

Geser

Watubela

Bobot

Masiwang

Hoti †

Benggoi

Salas

Liana

Nunusaku

Kayeli †

Nuaulu

Huaulu

Manusela

Wemale

Yalahatan

Piru Bay ?

Asilulu

Luhu

Manipa

Wakasihu

Boano (Moluccas)

Sepa-Teluti

Paulohi

Kaibobo

Hitu

Tulehu

Laha

Seit-Kaitetu

Kamarian †

Haruku

Amahai

Nusa Laut

Saparua

Latu

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Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

South Halmahera–West New Guinea

Oceanic languages

Bold indicates languages with more than 1 million speakers

? indicates classification dispute

† indicates extinct status

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manobo_languages&oldid=1027046701"

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